He ʻano mea polymer elastic kiʻekiʻe ka laholio, ma lalo o ka hana a kahi ikaika liʻiliʻi o waho, hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka deformability, a ma hope o ka wehe ʻana o ka ikaika o waho, hiki iā ia ke hoʻi i kona ʻano mua. Ma muli o ke elasticity kiʻekiʻe o ka laholio, hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka cushioning, shockproof, dynamic sealing, etc. ʻO ka noi i ka ʻoihana paʻi e komo pū me nā ʻōwili laholio like ʻole a me nā pale paʻi. Me ka holomua o ka ʻoihana laholio, ua ulu nā huahana laholio mai ka hoʻohana hoʻokahi o ka laholio kūlohelohe i nā ʻano laholio synthetic.
1. Laho maoli
ʻO ka rapa kūlohelohe ka mea i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā hydrocarbons rapa (polyisoprene), nona ka liʻiliʻi o ka protein, ka wai, nā waikawa resin, nā kō a me nā paʻakai inorganic. Loaʻa i ka rapa kūlohelohe ka elasticity nui, ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa haehae maikaʻi loa a me ka insulation uila, ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa maloʻo, ka hana maikaʻi, maʻalahi ka rapa kūlohelohe e hoʻopili me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana holoʻokoʻa ma mua o ka hapa nui o ka rapa synthetics. ʻO nā hemahema o ka rapa kūlohelohe he kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻole i ka oxygen a me ka ozone, maʻalahi ka ʻelemakule a me ka palaho; kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻole i ka ʻaila a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka waikawa a me ka alkali, kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka corrosion; kūpaʻa wela haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka pae mahana hana o ka rapa kūlohelohe: ma kahi o -60℃~+80℃Hoʻohana ʻia ka laholio kūlohelohe e hana i nā kaila, nā kāmaʻa laholio, nā hose, nā lipine, nā papa insulating a me nā ʻūpā o nā uea a me nā kaula, a me nā huahana laulā ʻē aʻe. He kūpono loa ka laholio kūlohelohe no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopau haʻalulu torsional, nā mea hoʻopau haʻalulu mīkini, nā kākoʻo mīkini, nā mea hoʻokuʻu laholio-metala, nā diaphragms, a me nā huahana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
2. SBR
He copolymer ʻo SBR o ka butadiene a me ka styrene. Ua kokoke ka hana o ka styrene-butadiene rubber i ko ka rubber kūlohelohe, a ʻo ia ka hana nui loa o ka rubber synthetic maʻamau. ʻO nā ʻano o ka styrene-butadiene rubber, ʻo ia kona kūpaʻa i ka ʻaʻahu, ke kūpaʻa ʻelemakule a me ke kūpaʻa wela ma mua o ka rubber kūlohelohe, a ʻoi aku ka like o kona ʻano ma mua o ka rubber kūlohelohe. ʻO nā hemahema o ka styrene-butadiene rubber: haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kū'ē palupalu maikaʻi ʻole a me ke kūpaʻa haehae; hana hana maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻopili ponoʻī a me ka ikaika haʻahaʻa o ka rubber ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka pae mahana o ka styrene-butadiene rubber: ma kahi o -50℃~+100℃Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka styrene butadiene rubber e pani i ka rubber kūlohelohe e hana i nā kaila, nā pepa rubber, nā hose, nā kāmaʻa rubber a me nā huahana laulā ʻē aʻe.
3. ʻŌpala nitrile
ʻO ka nitrile rubber kahi copolymer o ka butadiene a me ka acrylonitrile. Hōʻike ʻia ka nitrile rubber e kona kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka gasoline a me nā aila hydrocarbon aliphatic, ʻo ka lua wale nō i ka polysulfide rubber, acrylic ester a me ka fluorine rubber, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nitrile rubber ma mua o nā rubbers hana maʻamau. Kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, paʻa ea maikaʻi, kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu a me ke kūpaʻa wai, a me ka hoʻopili ikaika. ʻO nā hemahema o ka nitrile rubber ʻaʻole ia he kūpaʻa anu maikaʻi ʻole a me ke kūpaʻa ozone, ikaika haʻahaʻa a me ka elasticity, kūpaʻa waikawa maikaʻi ʻole, insulation uila maikaʻi ʻole, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻole i nā solvents polar. ʻO ka pae mahana o ka nitrile rubber: ma kahi o -30℃~+100℃Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka laholio Nitrile e hana i nā huahana like ʻole e pale aku i ka ʻaila, e like me nā hose, nā huahana sila, nā wili laholio, a pēlā aku.
4. ʻO ka laholio nitrile hydrogenated
ʻO ka ʻūpā nitrile hydrogenated kahi copolymer o ka butadiene a me ka acrylonitrile. Loaʻa ka ʻūpā nitrile hydrogenated ma ka hydrogenating piha a hapa paha i nā pilina pālua i loko o ka butadiene o NBR. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻūpā nitrile hydrogenated e ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa abrasion, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa wela ma mua o NBR i ka wā e crosslinked me ka peroxide, a ʻo nā waiwai ʻē aʻe e like me ka ʻūpā nitrile. ʻO ka hemahema o ka ʻūpā nitrile hydrogenated ʻo kona kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka pae mahana o ka ʻūpā nitrile hydrogenated: ma kahi o -30℃~+150℃Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka laholio nitrile hydrogenated no nā huahana sila kūpaʻa i ka ʻaila a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana.
5. ʻEthylene propylene rubber
ʻO ka ʻōpala Ethylene propylene kahi copolymer o ka ethylene a me ka propylene, a ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua yuan ethylene propylene rubber a me ʻekolu yuan ethylene propylene rubber. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻōpala Ethylene-propylene e ke kūpaʻa ozone maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa ultraviolet, ke kūpaʻa i ka wā a me ke kūpaʻa ʻelemakule, ʻo ia ka mea mua ma waena o nā ʻōpala kumu maʻamau. Loaʻa i ka ʻōpala Ethylene-propylene ka insulation uila maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa kemika, ka elasticity hopena, ke kūpaʻa waikawa a me ka alkali, ke kaumaha kikoʻī haʻahaʻa, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopiha kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i ke kūpaʻa wela ke hiki i 150°C, a he kūpaʻa ia i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe polar-ketones, esters, a pēlā aku, akā ʻaʻole kūpaʻa ka ethylene propylene rubber i nā hydrocarbons aliphatic a me nā hydrocarbons ʻala. ʻO nā waiwai kino a me nā mechanical ʻē aʻe o ka ethylene propylene rubber he haʻahaʻa iki ia i ka rubber kūlohelohe a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka styrene butadiene rubber. ʻO ka hemahema o ka ethylene-propylene rubber ʻo ia ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻopili ponoʻī a me ka hoʻopili like ʻana, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻopili. ʻO ka pae mahana o ka ethylene propylene rubber: ma kahi o -50℃~+150℃Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻōpala Ethylene-propylene e like me ka uhi ʻana i nā lako kemika, ka uhi uea a me ke kaula, ka hose mahu, ke kāʻei conveyor pale wela, nā huahana ʻōpala kaʻa a me nā huahana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
6. ʻŌpala silicone
He laholio kūikawā ka laholio silicone me nā ʻātoma silicon a me ka oxygen i loko o ke kaulahao nui. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka mea silicon i ka laholio silicone. ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka laholio silicone ʻo ia ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i 300°C) a me ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (haʻahaʻa loa -100°C). ʻO ia ka ʻōpala pale wela kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi loa i kēia manawa; i ka manawa like, loaʻa i ka ʻōpala silicone ka insulation uila maikaʻi loa a kūpaʻa i ka oxidation thermal a me ka ozone. He kūpaʻa loa ia a he inert kemika. ʻO nā hemahema o ka ʻōpala silicone he haʻahaʻa ka ikaika mechanical, pale ʻaila maikaʻi ʻole, pale solvent, pale waikawa a me ka alkali, paʻakikī ke vulcanize, a ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai. Mahana hana ʻōpala silicone: -60℃~+200℃Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka laholio silicone e hana i nā huahana e kū i ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka mahana (nā hose, nā sila, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), a me ka insulation uea a me ke kaula e kū i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana. No ka mea, ʻaʻohe ona ʻawahia a ʻono ʻole, hoʻohana ʻia ka laholio silicone i nā ʻoihana meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
7. ʻŌpala polyurethane
Loaʻa i ka ʻōpala polyurethane kahi elastomer i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka polymerization o ka polyester (a i ʻole polyether) a me nā hui diisocyanate. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻōpala polyurethane e ke kūpaʻa abrasion maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi loa ma waena o nā ʻano ʻōpala āpau; Loaʻa i ka ʻōpala polyurethane ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka elasticity maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa ʻaila maikaʻi loa. He maikaʻi loa hoʻi ka ʻōpala polyurethane i ke kūpaʻa ozone, ke kūpaʻa ʻelemakule, a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka ea. ʻO nā hemahema o ka ʻōpala polyurethane he kūpaʻa mahana maikaʻi ʻole, kūpaʻa wai a me ka alkali maikaʻi ʻole, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻole i nā hydrocarbons ʻala, nā hydrocarbons chlorinated, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe e like me ketones, esters, a me nā alcohols. ʻO ka pae mahana hoʻohana o ka ʻōpala polyurethane: ma kahi o -30℃~+80℃Hoʻohana ʻia ka laholio polyurethane e hana i nā kaila kokoke i nā ʻāpana, nā gaskets, nā huahana shockproof, nā wili laholio, a me nā huahana laholio kūpaʻa i ke kapa, ikaika kiʻekiʻe a kūpaʻa i ka ʻaila.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-07-2021
